Chromosome News and Research

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In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Chromosomes are not visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly packed during cell division and is then visible under a microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division.

Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.
New Insights Into Centromere Structure: Two Subdomains Revealed

New Insights Into Centromere Structure: Two Subdomains Revealed

Researchers Uncover New Genetic Mutation Linked to Rare Form of Congenital Thyroid Abnormality

Researchers Uncover New Genetic Mutation Linked to Rare Form of Congenital Thyroid Abnormality

Genetic Insights: Safflower Genome Assembly Unlocks Key Traits for Crop Improvement

Genetic Insights: Safflower Genome Assembly Unlocks Key Traits for Crop Improvement

Genome Assemblies of Musa ornata and Musa velutina Unveil Insights Into Banana Biology

Genome Assemblies of Musa ornata and Musa velutina Unveil Insights Into Banana Biology

Genetic Link to Persistent HPV Infections Identified

Genetic Link to Persistent HPV Infections Identified

Study Reveals Genetic Underpinnings for Cervical Cancer Risk from Persistent HPV Infections

Study Reveals Genetic Underpinnings for Cervical Cancer Risk from Persistent HPV Infections

Different Chromosomes Found to Have Separate End-Specific Telomere-Length Distributions

Different Chromosomes Found to Have Separate End-Specific Telomere-Length Distributions

Understanding Prostate Cancer Disparities Through Proteogenomics

Understanding Prostate Cancer Disparities Through Proteogenomics

Unveiling the Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Centromeres Across Primates

Unveiling the Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Centromeres Across Primates

New Research Rewrites Bird Family History

New Research Rewrites Bird Family History

Penn Researchers Develop Breakthrough Technique for Creating Human Artificial Chromosomes

Penn Researchers Develop Breakthrough Technique for Creating Human Artificial Chromosomes

Unraveling the Mysteries of Brown Algae's Sex Chromosomes

Unraveling the Mysteries of Brown Algae's Sex Chromosomes

Bioinformatics Tool Recognizes Chromosome Changes in Cancer Cells

Bioinformatics Tool Recognizes Chromosome Changes in Cancer Cells

New Approach to Constructing Human Artificial Chromosomes Avoids Unintended Multimerization

New Approach to Constructing Human Artificial Chromosomes Avoids Unintended Multimerization

Students Work with Experts to Create a High-Quality Pear Genome Assembly

Students Work with Experts to Create a High-Quality Pear Genome Assembly

Scientists Discover Dual Challenges in DNA Replication Process

Scientists Discover Dual Challenges in DNA Replication Process

Ancient DNA Study Finds Evidence of Chromosomal Disorders

Ancient DNA Study Finds Evidence of Chromosomal Disorders

Telomerase's Double-Edged Sword: Preventing DNA Repair Mishaps

Telomerase's Double-Edged Sword: Preventing DNA Repair Mishaps

Researchers Identify Genes Linked to Genomic Instability and DNA Damage

Researchers Identify Genes Linked to Genomic Instability and DNA Damage

Hi-C Sequencing Unveils Phage-Host Dynamics in Soil Ecosystems

Hi-C Sequencing Unveils Phage-Host Dynamics in Soil Ecosystems

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