Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology, and animal experimentation has provided much of the foundation of physiological knowledge. Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy, the study of form, and physiology, the study of function, are intrinsically tied and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.
Cells zealously protect the integrity of their genomes, because damage can lead to cancer or cell death. The genome, a cell’s complete set of DNA, is most vulnerable while it is being duplicated before a cell divides.
The effectiveness of molecular genetic techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems has been significantly improved, and their range of applications has been expanded, by researchers from the Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology at the Centre for Organismal Studies of Heidelberg University.
Scientists at the University of Galway, in collaboration with APC Microbiome Ireland, a world-class SFI Research Centre, have developed a database of over 7,000 digital microbes, allowing computer simulations of how drug treatments operate and how patients may respond.
Raphidocystis contractilis belongs to Heliozoa, a group of eukaryotes that is generally seen in brackish, fresh, and seawater.
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, the CNRS, and the Collège de France researchers have employed paleogenomics to trace 10,000 years of human immune system evolution. They examined the genomes of over 2,800 individuals who lived in Europe over the past 10 millennia.
According to a study that was just published in eLife, cells that have a functioning molecular clock are better able to adapt to changes in glucose supply and can recover from long-term starvation more quickly.
Research from the Earlham Institute in Norwich, in partnership with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), provides much-needed hope for enhancing crop resilience and food security in the face of climate change following a year in which temperature records have been broken.
An innovative twist to the CRISPR tool—also known as “genetic scissors”—is being utilized to edit plant genomes by researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, signaling a methodology change.
In the far north of the planet, climate change is clearly noticeable. A new study in Finland now shows that in parallel there have been dramatic changes in pollinating insects.
Fish farming is a crucial industry in Norway, and salmon is by far the most important species. So it's alarming that bacterial diseases are on the rise at the massive sea farms where salmon are raised.
Octopuses are not much like humans -; they are invertebrates with eight arms, and more closely related to clams and snails.
The University of Konstanz’s Plant Physiology and Biochemistry research group has discovered previously unrecognized molecular mechanisms by which plants acclimatize to their environment—vital basic knowledge in times of climate change.
Researchers investigating the fundamental brain mechanics of autism spectrum disorder have discovered that a gene mutation known to be connected with the illness causes considerably more overstimulation of brain cells than in neuronal cells without the mutation.
A dietary modification may be essential to improving colon cancer treatment, according to research from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center.
University of Cologne researchers have uncovered the mechanism by which cells can get rid of mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)—the heart of each of our cells, the mitochondria.
More sociable monkeys have a higher abundance of certain beneficial gut bacteria, and a lower abundance of potentially disease-causing bacteria, new research has found.
The overuse of antibiotics has forced microorganisms to evolve defenses against this kind of treatment. Antibiotic resistance is a problem that the WHO now views as one of the major hazards to human health.
Andor Technology, an Oxford Instruments company and a world leader in scientific imaging solutions, has today announced the launch of two new scientific CMOS cameras, specifically designed for life science researchers.
Scientists at Weill Cornell Medicine have created a computational method for mapping the architecture of human tissues in extraordinary detail. Their method guarantees to expedite research on organ-scale cellular interactions and could lead to strong new diagnostic strategies for a variety of disorders.
Not just three, but even five proteins share important roles in the formation and function of synapses and can substitute for each other. This discovery was made by a team of the research focus "Mental Health & Neuroscience" of the Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems (KL Krems) and the CavX PhD program of the Medical University of Innsbruck.
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