Calcium, the most abundant mineral in the body, is found in some foods, added to others, available as a dietary supplement, and present in some medicines (such as antacids). Calcium is required for muscle contraction, blood vessel expansion and contraction, secretion of hormones and enzymes, and transmitting impulses throughout the nervous system. The body strives to maintain constant concentrations of calcium in blood, muscle, and intercellular fluids, though less than <1% of total body calcium is needed to support these functions.
The remaining 99% of the body's calcium supply is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports their structure. Bone itself undergoes continuous remodeling, with constant resorption and deposition of calcium into new bone. The balance between bone resorption and deposition changes with age. Bone formation exceeds resorption in growing children, whereas in early and middle adulthood both processes are relatively equal. In aging adults, particularly among postmenopausal women, bone breakdown exceeds formation, resulting in bone loss that increases the risk of osteoporosis over time.
Whether forcing adult cardiomyocytes to reverse from the oxidative phosphorylation phenotype to the glycolysis phenotype would also restore their mitotic ability.
From the outside, most T cells look the same: small and spherical. Now, a team of researchers led by Berend Snijder from the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology at ETH Zurich has taken a closer look inside these cells using advanced techniques.
The use of brain organoids in screening for drugs against mitochondrial diseases, which have hitherto presented challenges in treatment.
A small antibiotic called plectasin uses an innovative mechanism to kill bacteria. By assembling into large structures, plectasin latches onto its target on the bacterial cell surface comparable to how both sides of Velcro form a bond.
Common conditions such as indigestion and heartburn as well as peptic ulcers, autoimmune gastritis and stomach and esophageal cancers have one thing in common – they involve disruptions of the normal activity of parietal cells (PCs) in the stomach, the only cells in the body that produce acid.
Herpesvirus infection alters the host cell's mitochondria's normal structure and function, according to researchers from the University of Jyväskylä.
An article published in The Faseb Journal describes a Brazilian study analyzing the correlation between two key energy metabolism regulation processes: the absorption and release of calcium ions by mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for cells; and autophagy induced by calorie restriction.
Healthy cells respond appropriately to changes in their environment. They do this by sensing what's happening outside and relaying a command to the precise biomolecule in the precise domain that can carry out the necessary response.
Epilepsy, where patients suffer from unexpected seizures, affects roughly 1% of the population.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to be one of the most difficult and common neurodegenerative diseases, impacting millions of people globally.
The next generation of medications, known as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), works by preventing the transmission of damaging genetic messages.
A new study details how nutrient-starved cells divert protein transport stations to cellular recycling centers to be broken down, highlighting a novel approach cells use to deal with stressful conditions.
A collaboration between POSTECH, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, and Seoul National University unveils a novel strategy for identifying key proteins in organelle communication.
Researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) along with the researchers from University of Tokyo, Nagoya University, and Nagoya City University, found that disruption to the cell membrane accelerates cellular senescence or cell aging.
A common preservative used to kill pathogens in food has been found to also affect beneficial bacteria, endangering the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome.
Biological systems can behave as siblings in several ways, including by borrowing something and never giving it back.
Calcium ions are essential for cells, but can be toxic in higher concentrations. A team of researchers has now designed and prepared a combination drug that kills tumor cells by modulating the calcium influx into the cell.
For terrestrial creatures, including humans, to survive, they must drink plenty of water and eat enough salt. Neural pathways comprising many brain regions intriguingly control both thirst and salt appetite.
The communities of microorganisms connected to plants can change as a result of human domestication of crops, according to recent research headed by the University of Oxford.
A new study from Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University published in the journal Microbiome has found changes in the microbiome in multiple locations in the body are linked to the formation of kidney stones.
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