Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology, and animal experimentation has provided much of the foundation of physiological knowledge. Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study: anatomy, the study of form, and physiology, the study of function, are intrinsically tied and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.
The global food system is under increasing pressure due to the compounding effects of climate change, which exacerbates the prevalence of pests and diseases in crops. Potatoes, being the third most important food crop worldwide, are particularly at risk. The quest for sustainable agricultural practices necessitates the development of crops that can withstand these adversities, prompting an urgent need for research into enhancing the inherent resilience of our staple foods.
Eggplants, a staple crop globally, present significant challenges in cultivation and harvesting due to their prickles. These prickles, which serve as a natural defense mechanism, complicate handling and reduce efficiency in agricultural practices. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving farming outcomes. Consequently, researchers are focused on understanding the genetic basis of prickle formation to develop prickle-free eggplant varieties. Based on these challenges, there is a pressing need to conduct in-depth research and identify solutions for more efficient eggplant cultivation.
Grapes are economically and culturally significant worldwide, but climate change has posed substantial challenges to grape production in recent decades.
Centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation during cell division and consist of repetitive DNA sequences.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine claim to have identified multiple molecular pathways linked to diarrhea caused by COVID-19, offering possible therapeutic interventions utilizing human stem cells to create a sort of “mini intestine-in-a-dish.
Changes in gene expression in sebaceous glands have been spatially mapped for the first time in a collaborative project between Leipzig University's Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI) and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Transposable elements are mobile DNA sequences that play a crucial role in plant genome architecture and gene regulation.
The Prunus genus, encompassing apricots, peaches, plums, and mei, is vital due to its economic and nutritional value.
A landmark study has successfully decoded the complete ginseng genome, unveiling the genetic mechanisms that govern saponin biosynthesis. This detailed genetic map illuminates the evolutionary and metabolic pathways of Panax ginseng, a staple in traditional medicine.
A complex condition, obesity is brought on by a confluence of factors including behavior, diet, and heredity. Getting enough food to survive and thrive was a challenge for millennia.
The development and application of liver-on-chips and the factors preventing its widespread use in drug discovery.
The Institute of Neurosciences (IN), a collaborative center of the Miguel Hernández University (UMH) of Elche and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) is leading a study in Tokyo, Japan, in conjunction with Keio University, which highlights the critical role one of the glutamate receptors plays in the proper functioning of the cerebellum's synapses.
Drought significantly impacts agricultural productivity and plant survival. Traditional methods for improving drought resistance, such as selective breeding and genetic modification, have had limited success.
A key mechanism which detects when the brain needs an additional energy boost to support its activity has been identified in a study in mice and cells led by UCL scientists.
Work is underway on a wiring diagram of the motor circuits in the central nervous system that control muscles in fruit flies.
Whether it's a first-time visit to a zoo or when we learned to ride a bicycle, we have memories from our childhoods kept well into adult years.
Amino acids are vital for plant growth and significantly influence tea flavor and health benefits. Tea plants, particularly Camellia sinensis, exhibit unique amino acid profiles that contribute to their distinctive taste and nutritional value.
A detailed genomic study of broccoli has revealed the genetic foundations for the production of glucosinolates (GSLs), compounds celebrated for their health benefits, including anti-carcinogenic properties.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have found that plants derive greater benefits from a diverse range of interactions with pollinators and herbivores.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects millions of people globally, is still one of the most difficult and common neurodegenerative conditions.
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