Cell Biology

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Metabolic reactions upon activating Akt2 enzyme revealed

Takeaki Ozawa and his team from the University of Tokyo reveal the metabolic reactions upon activating an enzyme called Akt2.

22 Feb 2023

Novel model system helps studying human ovarian biology

Despite the fact that we all start out as an egg cell in one of our mother's ovaries, these human reproductive organs are surprisingly under-studied. Scientists have been working on creating in vitro models of human ovaries so that we can learn more about them and develop treatments for ovarian conditions, but most existing models use a combination of human and mouse cells, which do not faithfully replicate human ovary functions and take a long time to grow in the lab.

22 Feb 2023

New biomarker helps identify biological age

Once considered to be incompetent in encoding proteins due to their simple monotonous DNA repetitions, tiny telomeres at the tips of human chromosomes now appear to have a powerful biological function that could help better understand cancer and aging.

21 Feb 2023

Analyzing the existence of unknown miniproteins

Evolutionarily young miniproteins are unique in humans, and scientists have recently found thousands of them.

21 Feb 2023

Realistic model explores new treatments for brain tumors

Until now, the use of models to study the barrier that differentiates the circulatory and nervous systems has been either limited or extremely complex. ETH Zurich researchers have created a more accurate model that can also be used to effectively investigate new treatments for brain tumors.

21 Feb 2023

Novel metabolic pathway that makes immunology more efficient revealed

The metabolic pathways that produce a specific type of T cell are distinct from previously assumed, according to findings from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center.

21 Feb 2023

Iron-dependent cell death can be used to improve immunotherapies against liver cancer

Iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) is a type of programmed cell death by means of which the body kills off diseased, defective or superfluous cells.

20 Feb 2023

Study findings serve as a foundation for a thorough understanding of engram networks

Ensembles of synaptic networks are known to underlie cognitive functions, and the connections between engram neurons are enhanced during memory formation. Study from the researchers led by Prof. Bong-Kiun Kaang and Prof. Hye Yoon Park, identified the in vivo dynamics of synapses that underlie fear memory formation and extinction in living brains.

20 Feb 2023

CD5-expressing dendritic cells help to prime T cell responses against cancer

Immunotherapy has transformed cancer care. In advanced melanoma, for example, the most fatal form of skin cancer, the five-year survival rate has risen from less than 10% to more than 50% since immunotherapy was introduced in 2011.

17 Feb 2023

Location is the key for psychedelic drugs to work

Location, location, location is the key for psychedelic drugs that could treat mental illness by rapidly rebuilding connections between nerve cells.

17 Feb 2023

"Poisoned" form of a protein could set off events that encourage cancer growth

Scientists at Scripps Research, with collaborators in Japan, have discovered how a "poisoned" form of a protein could set off a cascade of events that encourage the growth of some cancers.

17 Feb 2023

Tracking cell movement across time and space using AI

The huge amount of data achieved by filming biological processes with the help of a microscope has earlier been a hindrance to analyses.

17 Feb 2023

Extended generation of blood cells in wild-type animals from pluripotent stem cells

Cells present in the blood like red blood cells, immune cells, and other crucial cell types are renewed continually from stem cells, the alleged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

17 Feb 2023

New method for studying mitochondria using advanced imaging technology

Scientists at Scripps Research have developed an advanced imaging-based approach that provides a unique perspective on mitochondria, which are best known as the “powerhouses” of cells.

17 Feb 2023

High diversity in T-cell receptor genes explains diverse response to infections

Researchers from Karolinska Institutet have demonstrated that the genes that encode the T cell receptors change significantly between individuals and communities, which could help explain why people react differently to certain diseases.

17 Feb 2023

Study identifies cell type crucial for successful immunotherapies for chronic viral infections

An international study led by researchers from the Infection Biology Laboratory at the UPF Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS) establishes that one type of dendritic cells is crucial for the success of immunotherapeutic treatments to control chronic viral infections.

17 Feb 2023

Reversal of ADAR1 hyper-editing with small molecule inhibitor

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Stem Cell Institute and Moores Cancer Center report that a late-stage, pre-clinical small molecule inhibitor, called rebecsinib, reverses malignant hyper-editing by an inflammation-induced protein isoform, known as ADAR1 p150.

17 Feb 2023

Adding antioxidants to cell cultures for efficient production of antibodies

Researchers at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, India, have investigated the effects of oxidative stress on the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and how antioxidants can alleviate this stress to improve their performance.

16 Feb 2023

New approach to rapidly determine biological aging

Telomeres-;the caps at the ends of chromosomes that protect our genetic materials from the brunt of cellular wear and tear-;are known to shorten and fray over time.

16 Feb 2023

B lymphocytes stimulate the in-demand production of innate immune cells during infection

An SOS signals a call for immediate action during an emergency to request a need for protection. The immune system, a network of defense mechanisms, enhances protection to recover the body's internal stability.

16 Feb 2023